When installing outdoor lighting—whether for accenting landscapes or securing your property—one of the most crucial factors is the IP (Ingress Protection) rating. This rating helps determine how well a light fixture resists the intrusion of dust and moisture, ensuring that it remains functional despite exposure to weather. This article explains IP codes and provides recommendations on appropriate ratings for various outdoor spaces around your home.

What Is an IP Rating?

An IP rating, or Ingress Protection rating, is a two-digit code that signifies the level of protection a fixture offers against solid particles and liquids. The first digit (ranging from 0 to 6) indicates the level of protection against dust, while the second digit (ranging from 0 to 9) indicates the level of protection against moisture. For outdoor lighting, choosing the right IP rating ensures durability in changing weather conditions.

IP Rating Breakdown

First Digit (Protection Against Solids):

• 0: No protection.
• 1-4: Varying degrees of protection from larger objects.
• 5: Limited dust ingress.
• 6: Fully dust-tight.

Second Digit (Protection Against Liquids):

• 0: No protection.
• 1-4: Protection from light water exposure, such as dripping or splashing.
• 5: Protection from water jets.
• 6: Protection from powerful water jets.
• 7-8: Protection from temporary or continuous immersion in water.

Recommended IP Ratings for Different Outdoor Areas

1. Front Door Wall Sconces & Entry Lighting
   • Recommended Rating: IP44 or IP65
   • Explanation: If your sconces are under a covered porch, an IP44 rating is sufficient to protect against dust and splashes of water. However, for sconces that are fully exposed to the elements, an IP65 rating is ideal as it provides protection from dust and low-pressure water jets.
2. Pathway & Garden Lighting:
   • Recommended Rating: IP65
   • Explanation: Since pathway lights are exposed to rain and garden watering systems, an IP65 rating is appropriate. This protects against dust and water jets, ensuring the lights remain functional even in wet conditions.
3. Security & Perimeter Lighting:
   • Recommended Rating: IP65
   • Explanation: Security lights that stay on overnight must withstand dust and weather exposure. IP65-rated lights offer strong protection from dust and water, ensuring consistent performance.
4. Pool & Landscape Accent Lighting:
   • Recommended Rating: IP68
   • Explanation: Lights near pools or water features need an IP68 rating to protect against immersion in water. This rating ensures they remain operational even when submerged.
5. Permanent Outdoor Eaves Lights & LED Bars:
   • Recommended Rating: IP44 to IP67
   • Explanation: For recessed eaves lights or LED bars installed under covered areas, an IP44 rating is sufficient. However, if the lights are installed in exposed areas, an IP65 or higher rating is needed to guard against heavy rain and dust.Click to read more:Best Eaves Lights to Illuminate Your Outdoor Living Spaces.

Consequences of Using Lights with Insufficient IP Ratings

Using outdoor lights with insufficient IP ratings can lead to:

• Short circuits and flickering due to moisture.
• Corrosion of internal components.
• Fixture failure, especially during harsh weather conditions.
• Frequent replacement, increasing long-term costs.

Benefits of Proper IP-Rated Lighting

• Longer lifespan (50,000+ hours) without frequent maintenance.
• Protection against rust, dust, and water damage.
• Consistent lighting performance despite adverse weather.
• Energy efficiency and reduced operating costs.

Conclusion

Understanding and selecting the correct IP rating for your outdoor lighting is essential to ensure long-term performance and durability. For most exterior lighting needs, IP65 offers excellent protection from dust and water, making it a versatile choice for various outdoor spaces. Spending a bit more on properly rated fixtures will save you money in the long run through fewer replacements and repairs. By matching the IP rating to the specific environmental conditions of your home, you can keep your outdoor spaces beautifully illuminated for years to come.

Q1: Is a higher or lower IP rating better?

A: Generally, a higher IP rating indicates better protection against dust and water. However, the optimal IP rating depends on the specific installation environment. For example, an IP65 rating is sufficient for most outdoor applications, while IP67 or IP68 may be necessary for submerged lighting in pools or fountains.  

Q2: What’s the difference between waterproof and weatherproof lighting?

A: Waterproof lighting is designed to withstand temporary or permanent immersion in water, typically with an IP rating of IP67 or higher. Weatherproof lighting, on the other hand, is resistant to rain, snow, and humidity, and usually has an IP rating of IP64 or higher.  

Q3: Which is better – IP65 or IP66?

A: Both IP65 and IP66 offer excellent protection against dust and water jets. However, IP66 provides slightly more robust protection against powerful water jets. For most residential outdoor lighting applications, IP65 is sufficient.  

IP Ratings Explained | Ingress Protection Rating | IP Codes | Updated 2022

Q4: Can outdoor lighting be IP68-rated?

A: Yes, IP68-rated outdoor lighting is designed for continuous submersion in water. This is ideal for pool lights, fountain lights, and underwater landscape lighting.  

Q5: What typical IP rating do outdoor wall lights need?

A: Outdoor wall lights typically require an IP rating of at least IP44 or IP65. ¹ IP44 is suitable for partially sheltered areas, while IP65 offers better protection against harsh weather conditions. ² The specific IP rating needed will depend on the level of exposure to rain, dust, and other elements.